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- <text id=92TT1469>
- <title>
- June 29, 1992: Futures Shock
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- June 29, 1992 The Other Side of Ross Perot
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MARKETS, Page 69
- Futures Shock
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Are trading floors obsolete? A new system quickens the race
- toward a global electronic market
- </p>
- <p>By THOMAS MCCARROLL
- </p>
- <p> With their flashing boards and shouting traders, the
- frenzied floor pits of the world's stock and commodities
- exchanges are a symbol of the human side of the financial
- marketplace. But they are fast becoming a quaint anachronism.
- The British and French stock markets are completely
- computerized, the Toronto exchange plans to shut down its
- trading floor by the end of the year, and the Japanese, Koreans
- and Germans are rapidly moving in that direction. Now comes one
- of the biggest steps toward a global computerized marketplace:
- this week Reuters and the two major Chicago commodities
- exchanges plan to launch a system called Globex, a 24-hour
- electronic trading system for futures and options contracts.
- Eventually it and similar systems could handle stocks, bonds and
- any other trades, virtually eliminating the need for trading
- floors in New York City and other financial capitals.
- </p>
- <p> Four years and $70 million in the making, the Globex
- system is a bid by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the
- Chicago Board of Trade to keep from losing yet another homegrown
- industry: futures trading. U.S. exchanges developed modern-day
- futures, including popular contracts based on Treasury bonds and
- the Eurodollar. By the late 1980s, however, copycat exchanges
- from Auckland to Zurich were able to establish their own
- futures markets by trading when Chicago was closed for the day.
- Last year the U.S. share of the worldwide futures business had
- slipped to about 50%, compared with more than 90% in 1985.
- </p>
- <p> The Chicago exchanges are betting that foreign traders
- will flock back to the U.S. through Globex. So far, the London
- and Paris exchanges have signed up to use the system; the
- Tokyo, Frankfurt, Hong Kong and Zurich exchanges are expected
- to follow suit. Says Globex chairman Leo Melamed: "This is a way
- to extend our market around the globe across all borders and
- time zones."
- </p>
- <p> When a customer now buys or sells futures, he calls his
- broker, who phones the order to the trading desk, which turns
- it over to floor traders in the pits. They, in turn, haggle over
- the best price for the order, which is then tallied and
- recorded. The whole process takes upwards of 20 minutes. With
- Globex, the floor traders and pits are completely bypassed.
- Prices are set by a computer match with incoming orders.
- Execution time: three seconds.
- </p>
- <p> Since the system could one day be easily modified to trade
- stocks, Globex could further obliterate the distinctions between
- futures and stock exchanges and result in a new world order of
- financial markets. Says John Sandler, chairman of the Chicago
- Merc: "We can become a securities exchange. There's nothing to
- stop us from doing that."
- </p>
- <p> That kind of talk worries officials at the New York Stock
- Exchange; trading technology is advancing so rapidly that the
- Big Board could be bypassed by such new high-tech systems as the
- Arizona Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ and now Globex. The N.Y.S.E.
- petitioned the Securities and Exchange Commission to slow down,
- if not unplug, some of the networks. Says William Donaldson,
- chairman of the N.Y.S.E.: "To our competitors, we're the big
- monster; and it's fun to zap the monster."
- </p>
- <p> For investors, the biggest concern involves the hazards of
- entrusting huge and sensitive financial markets so totally to
- computers, notoriously prone to breakdowns and break-ins. Warns
- Fred Shipley, professor of finance at DePaul University: "A
- computer bug could bring the capital markets to a crashing
- halt." Last month, for instance, a minor computer failure at the
- Chicago Board Options Exchange shut down trading for about 90
- minutes. Although the Commodity Futures Trading Commission has
- tested Globex to its satisfaction, it cannot guarantee that the
- system will be fail-safe. Concedes chairman Wendy Gramm: "We
- haven't thought of every contingency."
- </p>
- <p> In addition, instantaneous electronic trading,
- particularly on a global scale, could increase the volatility
- of markets in the same way that computer-generated program
- trading has done. Filtering trades through human hands and minds
- might be slightly sluggish and inefficient, but it can serve to
- add an element of stability (and occasionally even a moment of
- rationality) to a marketplace. Says Albert Sindlinger, who runs
- a Wallingford, Pa., investment-research firm bearing his name:
- "If the past is any indication of what computers will do to
- markets in the future, then we may all be in big trouble."
- </p>
- <p> None of these qualms, however, are likely to slow the
- relentless race toward global electronic trading. If handled
- correctly, the new systems could lead to markets that are more
- efficient and easier to monitor and police for fraud. In any
- event, the scenes of traders wildly waving pieces of paper from
- the floor pits will give way to those of traders around the
- world furiously typing orders into computers.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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